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Two dimensions: products and markets, each existing or new

Existing product · existing market

Market penetration

Existing product · new market

Market development

New product · existing market

Product development

New product · new market

Diversification

Business Strategy

Ansoff Matrix

Compare four growth directions with the Ansoff matrix, a worked business example, and practical checks on demand, delivery, and risk.

3 min readIntermediate

Activities and their links shape cost and differentiation

Primary activity

Inbound logistics

Primary activity

Operations

Primary activity

Outbound logistics

Primary activity

Marketing and sales

Primary activity

Service

Across the chain

Supporting activities

Business Strategy

Value Chain Analysis

Map the activities behind a customer promise, examine cost and differentiation together, and choose a practical improvement with value chain analysis.

3 min readIntermediate

Test one specific resource or capability in a defined competitive setting

Does it help?

Value

Who else has it?

Rarity

Can others reproduce it?

Imitability

Can we use it?

Organization

Business Strategy

VRIO Framework

Evaluate a resource through value, rarity, imitation, and organization, using an evidence worksheet that separates useful capabilities from durable advantage.

4 min readIntermediate

Problem → supported causal questions → corrective action → review

Start with an observable event

Problem

Follow a supported explanation

Why?

Keep other causes visible

Branches

Test the explanation

Action and check

Leadership and Management

Five Whys

Investigate recurring problems with Five Whys, preserve evidence at each causal link, and turn a plausible explanation into a testable corrective action.

4 min readBeginner

Plan → do → check → act → next plan

Define the change

Plan

Try it on a limited scale

Do

Compare and learn

Check

Decide what follows

Act

Leadership and Management

PDCA Cycle

Plan a bounded improvement, test it, inspect the evidence, and decide what to change with the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle and a worked team example.

3 min readBeginner

SBI: situation · behavior · impact

When and where

Situation

What was observable

Behavior

What followed

Impact

FrameworkWorld application

Conversation

Leadership and Management

SBI Feedback

Give specific feedback using situation, behavior, and impact, then invite the other person’s perspective and agree a practical next step.

4 min readBeginner

Five lenses: acquisition · activation · retention · referral · revenue

Arriving

Acquisition

First value

Activation

Returning

Retention

Recommending

Referral

Paying

Revenue

Marketing and Sales

AARRR Pirate Metrics

Define acquisition, activation, retention, referral, and revenue with clear events, cohorts, and denominators in a worked subscription-product example.

3 min readBeginner

Problem → agitation → solution

Recognize the situation

Problem

Make the consequence concrete

Agitation

Offer a credible next step

Solution

Marketing and Sales

PAS Copywriting

Write problem, agitation, and solution copy with a practical example, clear evidence checks, and limits that keep the message proportionate.

3 min readBeginner

Segmentation → targeting → positioning

Group the market

Segmentation

Choose whom to serve

Targeting

Define the relevant difference

Positioning

Marketing and Sales

STP Marketing

Choose a market segment and write a defensible positioning direction with segmentation, targeting, and positioning, using a worked service example.

4 min readBeginner

Why → who → how → what

Why?

Goal

Who?

Actors

How?

Impacts

What?

Deliverables

Product Management

Impact Mapping

Connect a business goal to actors, behavior changes, and deliverables with impact mapping, using a worked example that exposes assumptions.

4 min readBeginner

Outcome → opportunities → alternative solutions → assumption tests

What changes?

Outcome

Where can we help?

Opportunities

What might work?

Solutions

What must be true?

Assumption tests

Product Management

Opportunity Solution Tree

Connect a product outcome to customer opportunities, alternative solutions, and assumption tests with a worked opportunity solution tree.

3 min readBeginner

Horizontal: journey order · Vertical: details and release choices

Across the map

Backbone

Below each activity

Details

Across activities

Release slices

After a slice

Learning

Product Management

User Story Mapping

Organize a user journey, expose missing steps, and slice a coherent first release with user story mapping and a worked booking example.

3 min readBeginner

Market growth × Relative market share

High growth · High relative share

Stars

High growth · Low relative share

Question marks

Low growth · High relative share

Cash cows

Low growth · Low relative share

Pets / dogs

Business Strategy

BCG Matrix

Use the BCG growth-share matrix to compare businesses, test investment choices, and avoid treating stars, cash cows, question marks, and dogs as verdicts.

7 min readIntermediate

Key Partnerships

Key Activities

Key Resources

Value Propositions

Customer Relationships

Channels

Customer Segments

Cost Structure

Revenue Streams

Business Strategy

Business Model Canvas

Map the nine Business Model Canvas blocks, connect customers to costs and revenue, and choose which assumptions to test before investing.

8 min readBeginner

One decision · One place · One time horizon

Political

Economic

Social

Technological

Environmental

Legal

Business Strategy

PESTEL Analysis

Scan political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal changes, then turn the evidence into strategic choices and monitoring triggers.

7 min readBeginner

Importance × Urgency

Important · Urgent

Do in time

Important · Not urgent

Schedule

Less important · Urgent

Consider delegation

Less important · Not urgent

Remove or limit

Leadership and Management

Eisenhower Matrix

Separate urgency from importance with the Eisenhower matrix, then decide what to do, schedule, delegate, or remove without neglecting essential work.

7 min readBeginner

R ResponsibleA AccountableC ConsultedI Informed
Hypothetical customer-portal launch assignments
WorkProduct leadEngineerEng.Support lead
Acceptance criteriaR/ACC
Release buildCR/AI
Customer guidanceCIR/A

Leadership and Management

RACI Matrix

Clarify responsible, accountable, consulted, and informed roles with a RACI matrix, a worked project example, and practical checks for unclear ownership.

8 min readBeginner

SSpecific
MMeasurable
AAchievable
RRelevant
TTime-bound

Leadership and Management

SMART Goals

Turn a vague aim into a specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time-bound goal, with an example and checks against misleading targets.

7 min readBeginner

Shared purpose · Observable leadership behaviors

Idealized influence

Inspirational motivation

Intellectual stimulation

Individualized consideration

Leadership and Management

Transformational Leadership

Understand transformational leadership's four behaviors and apply them to team change through credible purpose, thoughtful challenges, and individual support.

7 min readIntermediate

Research → Recurring patterns → Working profile

Buying situation

Desired result

Decision process

Evidence needed

Marketing and Sales

Buyer Personas

Build buyer personas from research into goals, buying triggers, objections, and decision roles, then use them to choose messages and evidence.

7 min readBeginner

One customer group

Product

Price

Place

Promotion

Marketing and Sales

Marketing Mix (4 Ps)

Use product, price, place, and promotion together to shape a coherent offer, test a launch plan, and find problems advertising cannot solve.

7 min readBeginner

  1. Awareness

  2. Interest

  3. Evaluation

  4. Purchase

Marketing and Sales

Sales Funnel

Define sales-funnel stages, measure conversion with consistent cohorts, and find the next buying obstacle to investigate without confusing a funnel with AIDA.

7 min readBeginner

A chosen audience and its alternatives

Customer benefit

Meaningful difference

Supporting evidence

Marketing and Sales

Unique Selling Proposition

Develop a unique selling proposition around a customer benefit, a meaningful difference, and evidence your team can support in real sales conversations.

7 min readBeginner

One user group · One situation · Research evidence

Reported words

Says

Reported or inferred

Thinks

Observed or reported behavior

Does

Reported or inferred

Feels

Product Management

Empathy Mapping

Organize what users say, think, do, and feel into an empathy map grounded in research, with clear distinctions between observations and inferences.

7 min readBeginner

Must-be

Performance

Attractive

Indifferent

Reverse

Product Management

Kano Model

Use the Kano Model to distinguish expected basics, performance improvements, and attractive features before choosing what deserves product effort.

8 min readIntermediate

One agreed delivery window

Must Have

Should Have

Could Have

Won’t Have this time

Product Management

MoSCoW Prioritization

Agree what a delivery must, should, could, and will not include this time, with a practical example and checks against an overloaded Must Have list.

7 min readBeginner

S1 · High direction, low support

Directing

S2 · High direction, high support

Coaching

S3 · Low direction, high support

Supporting

S4 · Low direction, low support

Delegating

Leadership and Management

Situational Leadership

Choose useful direction and support for a specific task, with clear explanations of four styles and a worked on-call team example.

8 min readIntermediate

  1. 1

    Attention

  2. 2

    Interest

  3. 3

    Desire

  4. 4

    Action

Marketing and Sales

The AIDA Framework

Write clearer messages with attention, interest, desire, and action, using a worked workshop example and practical checks for each stage.

8 min readBeginner

Score = (Reach × Impact × Confidence) / Effort

Reach
Impact
Confidence
Effort

Product Management

RICE Prioritization

Compare product ideas with RICE, using clear scales, a worked roadmap example, and checks that keep uncertain estimates from becoming false certainty.

7 min readBeginnerFeatured

  1. Circumstance

    When…

  2. Motivation

    I want to…

  3. Outcome

    So I can…

Product Management

Jobs to Be Done

Understand the progress customers want, build a useful job story, and turn interview evidence into a product decision through a worked handover example.

7 min readIntermediateFeatured

Threat of new entrants

Bargaining power of suppliers

Rivalry among existing competitors

Bargaining power of buyers

Threat of substitutes

Business Strategy

Porter's Five Forces

Understand who puts pressure on industry profits, with clear explanations of all five forces and a worked independent-bookshop example.

8 min readIntermediateFeatured

Helpful

Harmful

Internal

Internal · Helpful

Strengths

Internal · Harmful

Weaknesses

External

External · Helpful

Opportunities

External · Harmful

Threats

Business Strategy

SWOT Analysis

Use SWOT to turn strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats into a clearer decision, with a worked rainwear example and practical steps.

7 min readBeginnerFeatured

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